In a leaked letter to ISPs dated December 15th 2016 and seen by PC Tech Magazine, the Uganda Communications Commission (UCC) said that it had “identified a number of issues that need to be urgently addressed to facilitate the development and encourage the use of internet” and proposed a number of interventions related to local content, censorship, and network interconnection.

Proposals included in the letter would force Internet service providers (ISPs) to host their websites, databases, and other applications within the country; encourage government entities to host their electronic services within the country; and allow the Uganda Internet Exchange Point (UIXP) to connect content providers directly to ISPs.

The letter also proposes the creation of an “internet blacklist” which would restrict access to “websites, domains and IP (Internet Protocol) addresses that have information whose delivery should be restricted on the grounds that it violates the laws of Uganda.”

In what may be the most striking proposal, the UCC seeks to introduce a license for the “establishment and operation of an international gateway” which would be “limited” in number and made available to “infrastructure provider license” holders only. This license would authorize “the provision of telecommunications services that enables international communications and connectivity between Uganda and one or more foreign points.”

While the letter states that this move is intended to improve the health of the telecommunications industry, local and international experts argue that it would have a negative impact on the country.

“Introducing limitations on licensing essentially will impact on the market segments competitiveness. A less competitive market segment will impact pricing and quality of service,” warned Michuki Mwangi, Senior Development Manager for Africa at The Internet Society.

“International best practices and experience has shown that this type of regulatory activity hinders and discourages investment” he added, noting that “any investor looking to make entry in the Ugandan market would have to make serious considerations, on the implications of a less competitive international gateway segment.”

Mr. Mwangi advised that “the regulator should not perceive to determine using policy, economical viability of business, as this may yield unintended outcomes,” adding that a policy to limit international gateways would downgrade Uganda’s telecommunications market status to “partially liberalized.”

This view is similar to that held by Kyle Spencer, Director of the Uganda Internet Exchange Point (UIXP) and Co-Coordinator of the African IXP Association.

“While I do not know the details of this proposal, we generally would not recommend such a policy,” Mr. Spencer said in an interview with this website.

“Uganda wisely liberalized its telecommunications market in the 1990s. This created a highly competitive environment that attracted significant private investment which drove infrastructure development and has helped to keep end-user prices as low as possible,” he continued. “Limiting the number of networks that can provide a path in and out of the country would do the opposite.”

Mr. Spencer said that such a proposal would limit the number of networks that could peer at the UIXP as “there is no technical difference between offering international routes through a commercial international gateway service and through peering at an Internet exchange.”

“As a result, Uganda would become less attractive to content providers who typically wish to reach as many networks and routes through peering as possible,” Spencer further explained.

Notably, the UIXP was not among the stakeholders to whom the UCC’s letter was addressed, though it commends the UIXP for its success in facilitating network interconnection in Uganda since its establishment in 2001.

The UCC’s Fred Otunnu did not respond to our repeated requests for comment on this story.

Potential Conflict with East African Community Policy

Mr. Mwangi noted that the introduction of a limited number of international gateway licenses “would undo significant efforts made by the regional regulators, through EACO, who are looking to open up cross-border interconnection in East Africa. Their goal is to achieve efficient (reliable, high-speed and cost effective) interconnection between the East African countries.”

Mr. Spencer commented similarly, stating that this proposal “would be entirely contrary to the goals of existing East African Community policy which calls for member states to provide an enabling regulatory environment in order to help national IXPs develop into regional IXPs by attracting more international networks and content providers”

Risk of Market Collusion and Oligopoly

Mr. Spencer also noted that a policy which limits the number of international connectivity providers could “create an oligopoly (i.e. a multi-player monopoly) if the number of licensed international gateway providers is small enough to allow collusion and price fixing in the absence of aggressive regulation.”

Key Concerns

According to UCC’s website, there are currently 22 Public Infrastructure Provider (PIP) license holders compared to the 24 Public Service Provider (PSP) licenses in Uganda. When implemented, the International Gateway license will become the third licensing category for Internet Access Providers, except that it will only be limited to holders of PIP licenses.

It is not clear why UCC needs to introduce a new “limited” license, considering that some operators are currently able to apply and acquire for both PSP and PIP licenses.

The post EXCLUSIVE: Leaked Document Reveals UCC Proposal to Limit International Gateways appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.

In September this year, government revealed that it had earmarked an annual fund of Ushs. 15billion to support innovators.

Announced by the Minister of ICT, the decision was reached at the realization that “what most of our people, especially students who innovate (develop) stop(s) at laboratories; good innovations are not translated into finished products and end up only as experiments”, according to the Minister, Hon. Frank Tumwebaze, as quoted by Daily Monitor.

But the challenges that have faced the young innovators have been, in some cases, a mirror of the overall industry challenges. A few years ago, the private sector undertook to form an umbrella Association, the ICTAU, with a goal of not just supporting upcoming talent, but also offering professional guidance to key stakeholders, including government.

But the Association, some say, has not had the impact its founders envisaged. This writer spoke to James Saaka, the Executive Director of the National Information Technology Authority (NITA-U), about why it has been difficult to form a strong Private Sector Association.

“It has been difficult to set up a strong private association for ICT in Uganda mainly because of lack of commitment from the ICT fraternity, and that the current associations are not backed up by the law,” said Jame Saaka

“[Also], ICT as a profession is not well defined,” Saaka added.

He however maintains that the importance of a strong sector association can never be understated.

“IT Professionals Association sets the environment for growth and competitiveness of the ICT Industry players and an avenue for regulating the Sector. A strong ICT Association helps self regulation of the sector. This as a result promotes ICT as an Industry for social and economic development,” continued Mr. Saaka.

He emphasized that government is working with key stakeholders from the Private and Public sector to get a good understanding of the objectives of a vibrant ICT Association.

“Once we get consensus we would like to move and [facilitated its creation]. However, alongside, we are drafting an ICT Practitioners /Professionals Bill that will be used for regulation of the ICT profession. So a strong ICT Association together with the ICT Practitioners / Professionals bill will create that much required environment for self regulation,” concluded Mr. Saaka.

Members of the ICT Association will meet next week on Tuesday 18th to discuss ways in which the Association can be strengthened. You can click here to book your seat (you will need to be a registered, paid-up member and have a Google Account).

UPDATE: There is an ongoing 50% discount on all fees indicated on the ICTAU website.

The post Uganda’s ICT Private Sector Players Move to Further Strengthen ICT Association appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.

Microsoft set out to help accelerate Africa’s economic development by empowering Africa’s youth, entrepreneurs, and developers to turn great ideas into a reality.

With Africa generally grappling with youth unemployment, ICT has been identified as a key sector in which investment can directly and quickly translate into direct employment and better livelihoods for communities.

Microsoft 4Afrika was set up to focus on three strategic areas: Access to technology, world-class skills and innovation.

Access to technology

According to estimates, only about 28.6% of Africa’s population had access to internet by the end of 2015. Less than a third! This is attributable to a wide range of factors, including low literacy levels, limited access to basic infrastructure, as well as inability to afford basic technology.

Expectedly, programmes that aim to contribute positively to the said statistics would focus on finding ways in which to connect the section of the population is able to take advantage of technology to create solutions for the wider communities.

In Kenya, Microsoft partnered with the Ministry of ICT and Indigo Telecom, a local ISP “to deliver low-cost, high-speed wireless broadband and create new opportunities for commerce, education, healthcare, and delivery of government services across Kenya.”

The project utilizes solar powered base-stations to provide last-mile power and internet access to schools, universities, healthcare clinics and regional offices across Africa, effectively delivering connectivity to rural areas where access to internet will not have been possible before.

The deployment is called ‘Mawingu’, which is Kiswahili for cloud. It is the first deployment of solar-powered based stations together with TV white spaces, a technology partially developed by Microsoft Research, to deliver high-speed internet access to areas currently lacking even basic electricity.

There are currently eight projects running in Africa to-date.

Biz4Afrika online hub

As part of its drive to enable access to information, Microsoft 4Afrika the launched an online hub for African small and medium enterprises (SMEs) to access locally relevant information and resources to promote SMEs and improve trade. To-date, there are more than 400,000 SMEs placed on the online hub.

Supporting Innovation

The rapid advancement of ICT and technology, coupled with growing demand from a knowledge-driven society, has led to increased pressure on economies generally to innovate with technology.

Various attempts at using technology innovation to create solutions for societal problems has seen the growth of new ventures in education, health-care delivery, and social enterprise, often attracting foreign investment and creating new jobs.

Microsoft is supporting such efforts by making available Innovation Grants through which it provides start-ups with seed funding, mentorship and technical support to scale their solutions.

Through the Microsoft 4Afrika IP Hub, Microsoft is enabling Developers to monetize their software applications by helping them register and protect their Intellectual Property.

Skills Development

The third pillar of 4Afrika’s initiative is world-class skills development. Interns are placed in Microsoft offices and other partner companies across the continent to help to develop their skillsets. To-date, over 350 interns have benefitted from this initiatives.

Under the AppFactory, paid interns are facilitated and tasked to develop relevant apps to meet local challenges and start their own ventures.

Ultimately, meaningful development in Africa will come primarily through private sector investments. Through the 4Afrika initiative, Microsoft is enhancing productivity and the effort will undoubtedly lead to accelerated development.

The post How Microsoft is enhancing productivity to facilitate Africa’s economic development appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.

Undoubtedly, the Galaxy S7 was the most anticipated phone when we turned our calendars to 2016. Such anticipation only built up following its grandeur style announcement at the Mobile World Congress with Mark Zuckerberg himself delivering the keynote address. Obviously, when speaking about connecting people, no one knows more about that the man who has already connected 1.59 billion people.

In essence, that’s what our smartphones are to us today. The tools we use to capture moments and share them with friends and families, while keeping up with our work and financial obligations. They bring the world to the palm of the hand.

Yet with the S7, Samsung hopes to take that a step further by allowing you to experience another your imaginative galaxy as if it were real. By design, Virtual Reality technology replicates an environment, real or imagined, and simulates a user’s physical presence and environment in a way that allows the user to interact with it (Wikipedia). 

In relative terms, looking at the specs of the Galaxy S7, it doesn’t seem to indicate monumental leaps over its predecessor, the Galaxy S6. But key features such as the Dual Pixel technology (improvement for camera), faster wireless charging, and its now improved water resistance, the phone still offers plenty of reason to upgrade/switch over.

Dual Pixel Autofocus for the camera

“The Galaxy S7 is the first smartphone with dual-pixel technology, so it captures better photos in low-light environments and focuses faster than the blink of an eye,” notes Samsung.

Dual Pixel Autofocus is one of the newer features of modern cameras, announced earlier this year as Canon announced their new 80D DSLR camera. “[It] is a sensor-based, phase detection Auto Focus (AF) technology designed to provide smooth, high-performance focus tracking in movies and fast autofocus acquisition when shooting still photos,” notes Canon.

Samsung will have been proud, therefore, to successfully fit this into their new smartphone.

Water Resistant?

Yes, actually. Samsung has stepped up its focus water resistance, and here is how they decided to explain it:

“You can’t live without water or your smartphone, which is why the Galaxy S7 has a certified water-resistant rating. It repels spills, splashes and even dunks without a bulky protective case.”

Below is a video we recorded at the Kampala launch last month.

Buying Options:

MTN Uganda has announced a promotional offer of UGX. 2,095,000/= for the Samsung Galaxy Edge, with a free 5GB Internet bundle. This represents a substantial discount from the UGX. 2,950,000/= listing price.

With MTN, you can purchase this phone is available for online purchases on Jumia and Kaymu that will enable you to have the phone without leaving your office.

If you hurry, you can take advantage of MTN’s limited offer and get yourself the Galaxy S7 Edge+ at a price you likely won’t find anywhere else.

The post Samsung Galaxy S7: Buying guidelines for shoppers in Uganda appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.

We used to joke about how any of such questions, regardless of the kingdom in question always had to have “strong and/or able leaders” among the responses. It was a bit of a template response.

In those kingdoms, there was no democracy. The King’s word was law. It didn’t matter what their subjects felt. They didn’t have the power to think: they only needed to fight. Fight FOR their king.

“The Kingdom of Dahomey [for example] was an important regional power that had an organized domestic economy built on conquest and slave labor, significant international trade with European powers, a centralized administration, taxation systems, and an organized military,” reads this Wikipedia article. Dahomey was located in the area of present-day Benin.

And such seems to be the situation in Uganda today. With the same president since I was three months old, you get a sense of a “more of the same” standard of life. And the inevitable expectation to discuss case studies of how neighbors – Rwanda especially – have made tremendous strides in the direction of development. And Kenya. Actively embracing technology to build for a future we, back in Uganda, only read and write about. A future where a guarantee of constant power supply would enable you to dream about services that require 99.9% uptime.

Then came this week. The week that started with calls for Uganda’s social media users to ensure they participate in the election and to dispel the notion they only just talk without action. You could feel the excitement. The anticipation. The hope. The energy!

Then came 18th. And all this was blown away in just one morning!

Let me explain:

At around 6am on polling day, I was going through my phone as I waited for the team we were meant to work with that day. A friend texted me about why MTN Mobile Money was down, and if I knew how long it could take before it was restored.

I had no idea.

Moments later, I learnt that actually, Mobile Money services, as well as Social Media, had been “disabled” by Uganda’s Communications regulator “due to a threat to Public Order and Safety”, a text message from one of the operators read.

The UCC has directed MTN to disable all SocialMedia & MobileMoney services due to a threat to Public Order & Safety. pic.twitter.com/BqPcUyW0QF

— MTN Uganda (@mtnug) February 18, 2016

For Uganda, this was quite new, although it wasn’t surprising. Most of my colleagues who said they weren’t going to vote in this election said the reason was because their “votes don’t count” and that government was going to rig, one way or the other.

But we didn’t immediately see the correlation between mobile money as a service and public order and safety. As we explored ways to bypass the blockade, MTN sent further text messages reminding customers that the call centers were going to be closed in just a few hours: 1400hrs local time, the country’s largest operator said.

It felt like the country was shutting down. I got calls from friends as we drove out of town to our constituency, trying to enquire how MTN could actually shut down a 24/7 call-in service. The MTN employees in charge of communications I spoke to said they had no prior knowledge of this shutdown, suggesting this was an impromptu requirement.

I’ve spent the 10 months in the Communications Sector, specifically the telecommunications industry. Part of my work has been understanding – and helping others understand – how revolutionary mobile money is, and why it is set to be the future of payments, especially in sub-saharan Africa.

I have worked with youth developing solutions that rely entirely on Mobile Money for payments. In October 2015, MTN said over 70% of all utility bill payments in Uganda were going through its platform, and announced that it had hit a monthly transactions record of over 40 million. Airtel said a  month later that it was facilitating about 20million transactions. That’s a combined 60million transactions a month. Or two million every day.

From the MTN Mobile Money perspective, over the last three days, over four million transactions have been blocked. From an revenue perspective, Uganda’s largest taxpayer has directly lost a minimum of UGX. 2,000,000,000; taking the minimum transaction charge of UGX 500/=. Of course the actual figures would be higher.

While announcing their preliminary observations of this month’s general elections, one of the EU observers said; “… I’ve spoken with your president; he wants to develop the country, he says, but in most cases, development and democracy go hand in hand.” He makes an important point.

With unemployment so rampant, the greater majority of the 60,000+ mobile money agents rely on daily performance to pay their employees – an estimated 160,000, according to MTN. Others – also about 50,000 Ugandans – rely on Mobile Money for lighting. A solution called ReadyPay, available on a pay-to-own basis using MTN Mobile Money, works like a phone top-up to enable the user to make affordable daily Mobile Money payments.

Thousands of hardworking Ugandans being exposed to risk of inability to afford a meal by impunity!

These are real problems, affecting real people. Imagine if the US government could arbitrarily shutdown PayPal! If we’re asking our developers to make mobile money as integral as, perhaps, PayPal is, then we have to guarantee that it will be available when users need it.

Something we can’t!

In the absence of guarantees that such arbitrary, politically motivated, blockades won’t occur, it becomes difficult to convince innovators to develop solutions that actualize a cashless economy. Because you WILL get stuck if you’re onboard a taxi hoping to pay using mobile money, and realize that, without notice, your government asked the operator to shut it down.

But why?

It’s unclear. But Opposition Party FDC claimed that the had been holding about UGX. 500 million that was meant to facilitate their field agents.

We have over 500 million meant to facilitate our election observers blocked on our phones – FDC’s Yusuf N. #UgandaDecides

— Masake Anthony (@masakeonline) February 19, 2016

This is bad and should be condemned in the strongest terms.

Sad day for #internet & #ict use for Uganda #ugandadecides https://t.co/dczexn4dwx

— CIPESA (@cipesaug) February 18, 2016

But unfortunately, representatives of government don’t think so:

We did (shutting down social media) what a responsible govt should do and we have no regrets with that – Min. of ICT #UgandaDecides

— Masake Anthony (@masakeonline) February 19, 2016

#thecapitalgang@OfwonoOpondo: Social Media was not closed by the NRM. It was closed by the government of Uganda

— 91.3 Capital FM (@913CapitalFM) February 20, 2016

Impact on Online Publishers

Relatedly, shutting down social media has direct consequence on online publishers, like PC Tech Magazine, who rely on the networks for traffic. In a case where social media accounts for, say, 40% of your traffic, a your local traffic would have fallen significantly since the ban came into effect – until, at least we had enough users browsing via VPNs.

Issues affecting traffic directly affect revenue, especially when implementing visitor-based monetization solutions like Google AdSense.

Yet, such effort isn’t necessarily worth it by any measure. Within 24 hours since social media sites were blocked, 1.4million VPN apps had been downloaded from the Android Play Store. And various other users were using VPN iOS apps.

Beyond ICT, the good old tourism business would probably be most affected by negative stories published about a country that’s considered undemocratic. For the last 6 days, Uganda has been the focus of international media, with the vast majority of the coverage being negative. Unfortunately, this same international media will not be told of a more public-interest positive story to publish about Uganda soon.

Good for development? “You can make your own conclusions,” as the European Union Election Observers said when asked if they considered this election free and fair. 

Or maybe, like in Dahomey, the strongest leaders aren’t always the most democratic. But that has its consequences.

The post How absence of real democracy could ruin your startup appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.

Ugandan President Yoweri Museveni is taking part in his first televised debate – the second presidential TV debate this year – ahead of elections on Thursday.

The post LIVE: The 2nd Uganda Presidential Debate 2016 appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.

A few months ago, Facebook opened up the Internet.org platform to developers after being accused of violating net neutrality rules, mostly by users in India. Now, Zuckerberg’s project has added 60 new services created by third-party developers, including BabyCenter for pregnancy and parenting info and SmartBusiness for novice entrepreneurs. Since it has undergone quite an overhaul, it has also been renamed to “Free Basics by Facebook” to distinguish it from the larger Internet.org initiative.

The revamped website comes with a menu where its users in Asia, Africa and Latin America can choose which services to activate and access. In addition, the new mobile website — now FreeBasics.com instead of Internet.org — supports HTTPS just like the Android app does. Note that the platform is still open to developers, and those interested in helping out can get all the details from the Internet.org platform page on Facebook.

Sources: Internet.org, DNAIndia

The post Facebook Renames Internet.org to “Free Basics” appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.

Fortunately, there are plenty of tools at your disposal that can help you expedite and optimize the hiring process. Here are three of them:

1. Get Professional Help from a Staffing Agency

You should never get locked into the mindset of thinking that you as the employer need to handle the entire hiring process. While it may seem comforting to know that you’re overseeing each aspect of employment, finding the right candidates, interviewing them, and training them can be time-consuming.

Attaining professional help from a staffing agency will give you another perspective, save you time, and bring in a concentrated pool of job candidates that are more likely to meet the requirements you’ve outlined for the position.

However, it is important to remember that not all staffing agencies are reputable. You should go with a company that has a good reputation in your industry. You should also find a service that provides reliable customer support and has several decades of experience, such as staffing solutions from Kelly Services.

2. Use the Web

As noted by many tech experts, there are multiple initiatives taking place that will connect the two-thirds of the world’s population that does not have Internet access. The proliferation of the Web is undeniable, and as a hiring manager, the Internet offers a suite of useful tools that can help you advertise open employment positions.

You can start by creating detailed profiles of your organization on social media channels such as Twitter, Facebook, and LinkedIn. You can publish posts about open positions that your followers can apply for and share. These posts can link to the About Us page of your website, which provides more details about your company and mission.

3. Optimize Your Interview Process

The hiring process doesn’t end when you identify the ideal candidates; the next step is the interview. Luckily, there are literally hundreds of strategies you can implement to expedite and optimize your interview process.

According to Forbes, you should consider having a manager or trusted employee complete the interviews with you. Doing so enables you to attain multiple opinions about candidates, which can help you identify strengths and weaknesses that you may not have noticed.

Another great way to optimize the interview process is to include a test. Testing enables you to determine whether your job candidates truly possess the necessary skills. Popular evaluations include job simulations and role-playing.

If you’re getting ready to hire new job candidates, then it’s a good idea to focus on expediting and optimizing the process. These strategies can help you find highly qualified applicants and make sure they have the necessary skills for the position.

The post 3 Innovative Strategies to Optimize Your Hiring Process appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.

I was considered an expert because I had very good knowledge of Microsoft Office applications. It probably sounds like fiction now, but back then, there used to be a computer-training “package” called Internet and Email, at 50,000 Uganda Shillings – roughly USD 30 at the time! The problem with the Internet and Email package that I hadn’t been unfortunate enough to enroll for was that the trainee would have to incur the hidden costs of Internet; about UGX. 3000 per hour. Hidden because this figure was never indicated on the initial fees sheet.

And luckily, I had had enough Internet/Email training back in Ntare School when, as a 14-year-old I joined the exclusive computer club and signed up for my first email addresses. But that’s the story for another day.

So from Ntare I had vast experience in Word processors and Spreadsheets. But I found the working of the Internet quite intriguing; that you could click certain text and it leads you to another page. I had heard that such text was called a hyperlink. But somehow everyone I tried to ask for an explanation on how it can work either didn’t know, or explained that it was too complicated.

Outside of Word-processing, computers were more of output devices only; offering information that would have been input by someone else. My curiousity was growing. I wanted to be one of those who actually input the information that the others would find.

And that’s the curiosity with which I went to university.

Unfortunately, web development wasn’t going to be listed among my course units since I was a student of Statistics and Economics.

So I had to find another way. I heard about Microsoft Frontpage – a now discountinued look-alike of Microsoft Word that would enable me create web pages. I started exploring with Frontpage, learnt HTML, installed Adobe Photoshop and learnt to design basic graphics.

A year later in 2006, I convinced someone that I could design websites and he asked me to design one for his tour agency; for a fee! This was big! I was both excited and nervous.

The client’s needs were – obviously – way beyond my skillset. I did a lot of internet research; for example, on how to make an image slideshow (or carousel). Then later, I discovered a website called Dynamic Drive from where I got tens of scripts that would do almost anything I wanted to do at the time.

It wasn’t easy being a developer at the time. But one job led to another and two years later, I was at Makerere University Business School (MUBS) with the task of building tens of internal websites, including the main university website. My portifolio had since grown as I had even created a somewhat popular script to send free SMS from one of my websites to people using MTN and UTL simcards: a lot of students at my hostel visited my website just to send free SMS.

At MUBS, I was told of an open-source system called Joomla!. I was familiar with Open Source software because I was already running one website built on PHP Fusion. But Joomla, I was told, was much easier, more secure and more widely used.

My first Joomla web project was called Procurement Uganda, a collaboration between MUBS and Kyambogo University. As I heard heard, I found the Joomla quite user-friendly, with thousands of free modules, components and templates available for free download. It was a chance for everyone to own a website.

I had developed over 100 websites by the time I stopped using Joomla in 2012. And that, in fact, means I had made a living – and a name – off Joomla.

Today, Uganda’s Joomla community organizes the Joomla Day events, with the next one happening on September 4th at Hive Colab in Kampala. JoomlaDay events are officially recognized, but not organized, by the Joomla!® Project and Open Source Matters, Inc.

While I won’t attend, I’ll be following online with a bit of nostalgia.

The post Why Joomla Day reminds me of my early days as a developer appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.

In the past, some voters in the country have failed to participate due to the inconvenience of the process, especially at registration and verification stages.

With less than 10 months to next year’s general election, the commission has set up an online tool that utilizes either of Voter Number or Application Number or the National ID Number to tell eligible voters what information – including Polling Station – the system has about them. Try it now here.

This is in spite of the fact that some people have still not yet been able to receive their National IDs, a key requirement for participation in the February 2016 election.

The post Uganda Electoral Commission Introduces Online Voter Verification Ahead of 2016 Polls appeared first on PC Tech Magazine.